Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya ce ta gargajiya don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa. A cikin wannan hanya, halitta flake graphite yana gauraye da dace oxidant da intercalating wakili, sarrafawa a wani zazzabi, kullum zuga, da kuma wanke, tace da kuma bushe don samun expandable graphite. Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka ta zama hanyar da ta fi girma a cikin masana'antu tare da fa'idodin kayan aiki mai sauƙi, aiki mai dacewa da ƙananan farashi.
A tsari matakai na sinadaran hadawan abu da iskar shaka hada hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma intercalation.The hadawan abu da iskar shaka na graphite ne ainihin yanayin da samuwar graphite expandable, domin ko intercalation dauki iya ci gaba smoothly ya dogara da mataki na bude tsakanin graphite layers.And halitta graphite a dakin. zafin jiki yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da juriya na acid da alkali, don haka ba ya amsawa tare da acid da alkali, saboda haka, ƙari na oxidant ya zama mahimmancin mahimmanci a cikin sinadarai.
Akwai nau'ikan oxidants da yawa, gabaɗaya ana amfani da oxidants masu ƙarfi ne masu ƙarfi (kamar potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, da sauransu), kuma na iya zama wasu oxidants na ruwa (kamar hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, da sauransu). ). An samo shi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan cewa potassium permanganate shine babban oxidant da ake amfani dashi wajen shirya graphite mai fadadawa.
Ƙarƙashin aikin oxidizer, graphite yana oxidized kuma tsaka-tsakin macromolecules na cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Layer graphite ya zama macromolecules na tsari tare da ingantaccen caji. Sakamakon sakamako mai banƙyama na cajin mai kyau ɗaya, nisa tsakanin yadudduka na graphite yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba da tashoshi da sarari don intercalator don shigar da layin graphite a hankali. A cikin shirye-shiryen tsari na graphite mai faɗaɗawa, wakili mai tsaka-tsaki shine galibi acid. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun fi amfani da sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, gauraye acid da glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical Hanyar ne a cikin wani m halin yanzu, tare da mai ruwa-ruwa bayani na saka a matsayin electrolyte, graphite da karfe kayan (bakin karfe abu, platinum farantin, gubar farantin, titanium farantin, da dai sauransu) kunshi wani hada anode, karfe kayan saka a cikin electrolyte kamar cathode, samar da rufaffiyar madauki; Ko graphite dakatar a cikin electrolyte, a cikin electrolyte a lokaci guda saka a cikin korau da kuma tabbatacce farantin, ta hanyar da biyu electrodes ne kuzari hanya, anodic oxidation. A saman graphite ne oxidized zuwa carbocation. A lokaci guda, a ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin kai na jan hankali na electrostatic da bambance-bambancen maida hankali, ions acid ko wasu ions intercalant na iyakacin duniya an haɗa su tsakanin yadudduka na graphite don ƙirƙirar graphite mai faɗaɗa.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da electrochemical Hanyar domin shiri na expansable graphite a cikin dukan tsari ba tare da yin amfani da oxidant, magani adadin ne babba, saura adadin latsa abubuwa ne karami, da electrolyte za a iya sake yin fa'ida bayan da dauki. an rage yawan adadin acid, ana ceton farashi, gurɓataccen muhalli yana raguwa, lalacewar kayan aiki yana da ƙasa, kuma an tsawaita rayuwar sabis.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hanyar electrochemical ya zama hanyar da aka fi so don shirya graphite mai fadadawa ta hanyar. kamfanoni da yawa tare da fa'idodi da yawa.
The gas-lokaci yadawa hanya ne don samar da expandable graphite ta tuntuɓar intercalator tare da graphite a gaseous tsari da intercalating reaction.Generally, da graphite da abun da ake sakawa ana sanya su a duka iyakar zafi-resistant gilashin reactor, da kuma injin da aka pumped kuma. shãfe haske, don haka shi ne kuma aka sani da biyu-chamber method.Wannan hanya sau da yawa amfani da su hada halide -EG da alkali karfe -EG a masana'antu.
Abũbuwan amfãni: tsarin da tsari na reactor za a iya sarrafawa, da kuma reactants da samfurori za a iya sauƙi rabu.
Rashin hasara: na'urar amsawa ya fi rikitarwa, aikin yana da wuyar gaske, don haka fitarwa yana iyakance, da kuma abin da za a yi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, lokaci ya fi tsayi, kuma yanayin halayen yana da girma sosai, yanayin shirye-shiryen dole ne. zama mara amfani, don haka farashin samarwa yana da inganci, bai dace da aikace-aikacen samarwa masu girma ba.
Hanyar lokaci mai gauraya ruwa ita ce haɗa kayan da aka saka kai tsaye tare da graphite, ƙarƙashin kariyar motsin iskar gas ko tsarin rufewa don amsawar dumama don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa. An fi amfani da shi don haɗin alkali karfe-graphite interlaminar mahadi (GICs).
Abũbuwan amfãni: A dauki tsari ne mai sauki, da dauki gudun ne sauri, ta hanyar canza rabo na graphite albarkatun kasa da abun da ake sakawa iya isa wani tsari da abun da ke ciki na expandable graphite, mafi dace da taro samar.
Rashin hasara: Samfurin da aka kafa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, yana da wuya a magance abin da aka saka kyauta wanda aka haɗe zuwa saman GICs, kuma yana da wuya a tabbatar da daidaito na graphite interlamellar mahadi lokacin da yawan adadin kira.
Hanyar narkewa shine haɗuwa da graphite tare da kayan haɗin gwiwa da zafi don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗa.Based a kan gaskiyar cewa abubuwan eutectic na iya rage ma'anar narkewar tsarin (a ƙasa da wurin narkewa na kowane ɓangaren), hanya ce don shirye-shiryen ternary ko multicomponent GICs ta hanyar saka abubuwa biyu ko fiye (waɗanda dole ne su iya samar da narkakken tsarin gishiri) tsakanin graphite yadudduka lokaci guda. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen ƙarfe chlorides - GICs.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Samfurin haɗin gwiwar yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, mai sauƙin wankewa, na'urar amsawa mai sauƙi, ƙananan zafin jiki, ɗan gajeren lokaci, dace da samar da manyan sikelin.
Rashin hasara: yana da wuya a sarrafa tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin tsarin amsawa, kuma yana da wuya a tabbatar da daidaito na tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin taro mai yawa.
Hanyar da aka matsa ita ce haxa matrix graphite tare da ƙarfe na ƙasa na alkaline da ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙasa da kuma yin amsa don samar da M-GICS a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsa lamba.
Hasara: Sai kawai lokacin da tururi matsa lamba na karfe ya wuce wani kofa, da shigar da dauki za a iya za'ayi; Duk da haka, yawan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, mai sauƙi don haifar da karfe da graphite don samar da carbides, mummunan dauki, don haka zafin jiki dole ne a daidaita shi a cikin wani yanki. rage yawan zafin jiki.Wannan hanya ta dace da shirye-shiryen karfe-GICS tare da ƙananan narkewa, amma na'urar tana da rikitarwa kuma bukatun aiki suna da tsanani, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi a yanzu.
Hanyar fashewa gabaɗaya tana amfani da graphite da wakili na faɗaɗa kamar KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros ko gaurayawan da aka shirya, lokacin da aka yi zafi, graphite zai lokaci guda oxidation da intercalation dauki cambium fili, wanda shine lokacin. fadada a cikin hanyar "fashewa", don haka samun fadada graphite.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da gishiri na karfe a matsayin wakili na fadada, samfurin ya fi rikitarwa, wanda ba kawai ya fadada graphite ba, har ma da karfe.
