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Tsarin Graphite Production Process

Oxidation na Chemical

Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya ce ta gargajiya don shirya graphite mai fadadawa. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana cakuda graphite flake na halitta tare da madaidaicin oxidant da wakili mai haɗawa, ana sarrafa shi a wani zafin jiki, yana motsawa koyaushe, yana wanke, yana tacewa da bushewa don samun graphite mai faɗaɗawa. Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka ta zama hanyar balaga a cikin masana'antu tare da fa'idar kayan aiki masu sauki, aiki mai dacewa da farashi mai araha.

Matakan sarrafa sinadarin oxyidation sun haɗa da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da shaye -shaye. Oxidation na graphite shine asalin yanayin samar da graphite mai fadadawa, domin ko daukar matakin intercalation na iya ci gaba da tafiya yadda yakamata ya danganta da matakin budewa tsakanin yadudduka na hoto. zazzabi yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da juriya na acid da alkali, don haka baya amsawa tare da acid da alkali, saboda haka, ƙari na oxidant ya zama babban mahimmin sashi a cikin iskar shaka.

Akwai nau'ikan oxidants iri -iri, galibi ana amfani da oksidants sune tsayayyun oxyidants (kamar potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, da sauransu), na iya zama wasu oxyidates na ruwa mai ƙonawa (kamar hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, da sauransu. ). An samo shi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan cewa potassium permanganate shine babban oxidant da aka yi amfani da shi wajen shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa.

A karkashin aikin oxidizer, graphite yana oxidized kuma macromolecules na cibiyar sadarwa na tsaka -tsaki a cikin layin graphite ya zama macromolecules na planar tare da caji mai kyau. Dangane da sakamako mai banƙyama na cajin tabbatacce iri ɗaya, tazara tsakanin yadudduka na graphite yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba da tashar da sarari don mai shiga tsakanin don shigar da layin ginshiƙi cikin sauƙi. A cikin shirye -shiryen shirye -shiryen grafiti mai faɗaɗawa, wakilin da ke tsakanin shine galibi acid. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike galibi suna amfani da acid sulfuric, nitric acid, acid phosphoric, acid perchloric, acid mai gauraye da glaetic acetic acid.

Chemical-oxidation

Hanyar Electrochemical

Hanyar electrochemical yana cikin madaidaiciyar halin yanzu, tare da maganin ruwa mai sakawa azaman kayan lantarki, graphite da kayan ƙarfe (kayan bakin karfe, farantin platinum, farantin gubar, farantin titanium, da dai sauransu) sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa, kayan ƙarfe da aka saka a cikin electrolyte a matsayin cathode, samar da rufaffiyar madauki; Ko graphite dakatar a cikin electrolyte, a cikin electrolyte a lokaci guda saka a cikin korau da tabbataccen farantin, ta hanyar wayoyin biyu suna da hanyar kuzari, anodic oxidation. A surface na graphite an oxidized zuwa carbocation. A lokaci guda, a ƙarƙashin haɗaɗɗiyar aikin jan hankali na electrostatic da rarrabuwar rarrabuwar kawuna, ions acid ko wasu ion intercalant ion an haɗa su tsakanin yadudduka na hoto don ƙirƙirar graphite mai faɗaɗawa.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka, hanyar electrochemical don shirye -shiryen grafiti mai fa'ida a cikin tsari gaba daya ba tare da amfani da oxyidant ba, adadin magani yana da yawa, ragowar abubuwan da ke lalata abubuwa karami ne, ana iya sake yin amfani da electrolyte bayan amsawa, An rage yawan acid, an adana farashi, an rage gurɓataccen muhalli, lalacewar kayan aiki yayi ƙasa, kuma an ƙara tsawon sabis. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hanyar lantarki ta zama sannu a hankali ta zama hanyar da aka fi so don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗa kamfanoni da yawa masu fa'ida da yawa.

Hanyar Rarraba Iskar Gas (Hanya Guda Biyu)

Hanyar watsa iskar gas shine samar da hoto mai faɗaɗawa ta hanyar tuntuɓar intercalator tare da graphite a cikin sigar gas da haɗewa gabaɗaya, gabaɗaya, ana sanya graphite da sakawa a ƙarshen ƙarshen gilashin mai jurewa zafi, kuma ana ɗora injin da hatimin, don haka kuma an san shi azaman hanyar ɗakuna biyu.Wannan hanyar galibi ana amfani da ita don haɗa halide -EG da ƙarfe alkali -EG a masana'antu.
Ab Adbuwan amfãni: ana iya sarrafa tsari da oda na reactor, kuma ana iya rabuwa da abubuwan da ke ɗauke da sinadarai.
Disadvantages: na'urar amsawa ta fi rikitarwa, aikin ya fi wahala, don haka fitowar ta iyakance, kuma aikin da za a aiwatar a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki, lokacin ya fi tsayi, kuma yanayin halayen ya yi yawa, yanayin shirye -shiryen dole ne zama fanko, don haka farashin samarwa yana da girman gaske, bai dace da manyan aikace-aikacen samarwa ba.

Hanyar Hanyar Ruwan Liquid

Hanyar gaurayewar ruwa ta zamani shine haɗa kayan da aka saka tare da graphite, a ƙarƙashin kariyar motsi na iskar gas ko tsarin sealing don ɗaukar zafi don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa. Ana yawan amfani da shi don kira na alkalin karfe-graphite interlaminar mahadi (GICs).
Ab Adbuwan amfãni: Tsarin amsawa abu ne mai sauƙi, saurin amsawa yana da sauri, ta hanyar canza rabo na kayan albarkatun ƙasa da abubuwan da ake sakawa na iya kaiwa ga wani tsari da abun da ke tattare da faɗakarwa, mafi dacewa don samar da taro.
Hasara: Samfurin da aka ƙera ba shi da ƙarfi, yana da wahala a magance abin da aka saka kyauta wanda aka haɗe da saman GICs, kuma yana da wahala a tabbatar da daidaiton mahaɗan interlamellar graphite lokacin babban adadin kira.

Mixed-liquid-phase-method

Hanyar narkewa

Hanyar narkewa ita ce haxa graphite tare da haɗa abubuwa da zafi don shirya graphite mai fa'ida.Bisa akan gaskiyar abubuwan da ke cikin eutectic na iya rage maƙasudin tsarin (a ƙasa da narkar da kowane sashi), hanya ce don shirya ternary ko multicomponent GICs ta hanyar saka abubuwa biyu ko fiye (wanda dole ne ya iya samar da tsarin gishiri mai narkewa) tsakanin yadudduka na hoto a lokaci guda.Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya wajen shirya sinadarin ƙarfe - GICs.
Abvantbuwan amfãni: Samfurin kira yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, mai sauƙin wankewa, na'urar ɗaukar nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin zafin zafin, ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ya dace da babban samarwa.
Hasara: yana da wahala a sarrafa tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin tsarin amsawa, kuma yana da wahala a tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin taro.

Hanyar matsawa

Hanyar da aka matsa shine haɗa matrix graphite tare da ƙarfe alkaline ƙasa da ƙaramin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙasa da amsa don samar da M-GICS a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Hasara: Sai kawai lokacin matsin lamba na ƙarfe ya wuce wani ƙofar, za a iya aiwatar da aikin shigar; Duk da haka, zafin jiki ya yi yawa, yana da sauƙin haifar da ƙarfe da graphite don samar da carbides, mummunan martani, don haka dole ne a daidaita zafin zafin a cikin wani takamaiman yanayi.Za a shigar da zafin baƙin ƙarfe na ƙasa mai ƙima sosai, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da matsin lamba rage zafin zazzabi.Wannan hanyar ta dace da shirye-shiryen ƙarfe-GICS tare da ƙarancin narkewa, amma na'urar tana da rikitarwa kuma buƙatun aiki suna da tsauri, don haka ba kasafai ake amfani da shi yanzu ba.

Hanyar Fashewa

Hanyar fashewa gabaɗaya tana amfani da graphite da wakili na faɗaɗa kamar KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros ko gaurayawar da aka shirya, lokacin da aka yi zafi, graphite zai zama lokaci guda hadawan abu da iskar shaka da haɗin kambium, wanda shine Ya faɗaɗa ta hanyar "fashewa", ta haka yana haɓaka faɗakarwa. Lokacin da ake amfani da gishiri na ƙarfe azaman wakili na faɗaɗawa, samfurin ya fi rikitarwa, wanda ba kawai ya faɗaɗa graphite ba, har ma da ƙarfe.

The-explosion-method