Dangane da ganowa da kuma amfani da graphite na flake, akwai shari'ar da aka rubuta sosai, lokacin da littafin Shuijing Zhu ya kasance na farko, wanda ya bayyana cewa "akwai dutsen graphite kusa da kogin Luoshui". Duwatsu duk baƙar fata ne, don haka littattafai ba su da yawa, don haka sun shahara da graphite. "Binciken binciken archaeological ya nuna cewa tun fiye da shekaru 3,000 da suka gabata a daular Shang, kasar Sin ta yi amfani da graphite wajen rubuta haruffa, wanda ya dade har zuwa karshen daular Han ta Gabas (AD 220). An maye gurbin zane kamar tawada littafi da tawada na Pine. A lokacin Daoguang na daular Qing (AD 1821-1850), manoma a Chenzhou na lardin Hunan sun hako graphite flake a matsayin mai, wanda ake kira "carbon mai".
Sunan Turanci na Graphite ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci "graphite in", wanda ke nufin "rubutu". Masanin kimiyar Jamusanci da masanin ma'adinai AGWerner ne ya kira shi a cikin 1789.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na graphite flake shine C kuma nauyin kwayoyin sa shine 12.01. Grafite na halitta baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe ne da launin toka na ƙarfe, tare da ɗigon baƙar fata mai haske, ƙyalli na ƙarfe da sarari. Lu'ulu'u na cikin nau'in lu'ulu'u ne na hadaddun lu'ulu'u masu ɗai-ɗai na biconical, waɗanda lu'ulu'u ne na farantin karfe hexagonal. Siffofin simplex na gama-gari sun haɗa da layi ɗaya mai gefe biyu, ginshiƙan biconical hexagonal da hexagonal, amma sigar crystal ɗin da ba kasafai ba ce, kuma gabaɗaya tana da siffa ko faranti. Siga: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm Tsarin tsari na yau da kullun, wanda a cikinsa ake tsara carbon atom a cikin yadudduka, kuma kowane carbon yana da alaƙa daidai da carbon da ke kusa, kuma carbon ɗin da ke cikin kowane Layer ana shirya shi cikin zobe hexagonal. Ƙwayoyin zobba masu ɗai-ɗai na carbon a cikin sama da ƙananan yadudduka da ke kusa da juna suna yin gudun hijira a kan hanyar da take daidai da jirgin ragar sa'an nan kuma an jera su don samar da tsari mai shimfiɗa. Hanyoyi daban-daban da nisa na ƙaura suna haifar da sifofin polymorphic daban-daban. Tazarar da ke tsakanin atom ɗin carbon a cikin sama da ƙananan yadudduka ya fi girma fiye da na tsakanin atom ɗin carbon a cikin wannan Layer (tazarar CC a cikin yadudduka = 0.142nm, CC tazara tsakanin layers = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 takamaiman nauyi da 5-10m2 / g takamaiman yanki. Taurin shine anisotropic, jirgin sama mai tsagewa a tsaye shine 3-5, kuma daidaitaccen jirgin sama shine 1-2. Abubuwan tarawa galibi suna da ƙwanƙwasa, kulluwa da ƙasa. Flake graphite yana da kyawawan halayen wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi. Ma'adinan ma'adinai gabaɗaya ba su da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin hasken da ake watsawa, ɓangarorin bakin ciki sosai suna da haske kore-launin toka, uniaxial, tare da ma'anar refractive na 1.93 ~ 2.07. A karkashin haske haske, su ne haske launin ruwan kasa-launin toka, tare da bayyanannun tunani multicolor, Ro launin toka tare da launin ruwan kasa, Re duhu blue launin toka, reflectivity Ro23 (ja), Re5.5 (ja), bayyanannen launi launi da biyu tunani, karfi iri-iri da polarization. . Siffofin tantancewa: baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe, ƙananan tauri, ƙungiyar matsananciyar tsagewar tsagewa, sassauci, jin daɗi, mai sauƙin tabo hannaye. Idan an sanya barbashi na zinc da aka jika ta hanyar maganin sulfate na jan karfe a kan graphite, wuraren jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe na iya haɓaka, yayin da molybdenite mai kama da shi ba shi da irin wannan amsa.
Graphite allotrope ne na elemental carbon (sauran allotropes sun haɗa da lu'u-lu'u, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes da graphene), kuma gefen kowane carbon atom yana da alaƙa da wasu ƙwayoyin carbon guda uku (yawan hexagons waɗanda aka shirya a cikin siffar saƙar zuma) don samar da covalent. kwayoyin halitta. Tun da kowane carbon atom yana fitar da na'urar lantarki, waɗannan electrons na iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina, don haka graphite flake shine jagorar lantarki. Cleavage jirgin yana da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke da raunin jan hankali ga kwayoyin halitta, don haka yanayin hawansa yana da kyau sosai. Saboda yanayin haɗin kai na musamman na graphite flake, ba za mu iya tunanin cewa graphite flake kristal ɗaya ne ko polycrystal ba. Yanzu ana la'akari da cewa flake graphite wani nau'in crystal ce mai gauraye.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-04-2022