A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an biya hankali sosai ga graphene supermaterial. Amma menene graphene? To, ka yi tunanin wani abu wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe sau 200, amma sau 1000 ya fi sauƙi fiye da takarda.
A 2004, biyu masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Manchester, Andrei Geim da Konstantin Novoselov, "wasa" da graphite. Ee, abu ɗaya da kuke samu akan tip ɗin fensir. Sun kasance masu sha'awar kayan aiki kuma suna so su san ko za'a iya cire shi a cikin Layer ɗaya. Don haka sun sami wani sabon abu kayan aiki: tef tef.
"Kuna shimfiɗa [tef ɗin] a kan graphite ko mica sannan ku cire saman saman," Heim ya bayyana wa BBC. Filayen zane suna tashi daga tef ɗin. Sa'an nan kuma ninka tef ɗin zuwa rabi kuma a manne shi a saman takardar, sannan a sake raba su. Sannan ka maimaita wannan tsari sau 10 ko 20.
"Kowane lokaci flakes suna raguwa zuwa ɓangarorin ɓangarorin sirara da sirara. A ƙarshe, ɓangarorin bakin ciki sun kasance a kan bel. Kuna narkar da tef ɗin kuma komai ya narke.”
Abin mamaki, hanyar tef ɗin ta yi abubuwan al'ajabi. Wannan gwaji mai ban sha'awa ya haifar da gano flakes na graphene mai Layer Layer.
A shekara ta 2010, Heim da Novoselov sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Physics saboda binciken da suka yi na graphene, wani abu da ya ƙunshi atom ɗin carbon da aka tsara a cikin lattice mai girman ɗari, kama da wayar kaji.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan graphene yana da ban mamaki shine tsarinsa. Layer guda ɗaya na pristine graphene yana bayyana azaman Layer na atom ɗin carbon da aka tsara a cikin tsarin lattice hexagonal. Wannan tsarin saƙar zuma mai ma'aunin atomic yana ba graphene ƙarfinsa mai ban sha'awa.
Graphene kuma babban tauraruwar lantarki ne. A cikin zafin jiki, yana gudanar da wutar lantarki fiye da kowane abu.
Ka tuna waɗancan atom ɗin carbon da muka tattauna? To, kowannensu yana da ƙarin electron da ake kira pi electron. Wannan lantarki yana motsawa da yardar kaina, yana ba shi damar gudanar da aiki ta hanyar yadudduka na graphene tare da ɗan juriya.
Bincike na baya-bayan nan game da graphene a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) ya gano wani abu kusan sihiri: lokacin da ka ɗan ɗanɗana (digiri 1.1 kawai) juya yadudduka na graphene ba tare da daidaitawa ba, graphene ya zama babban jagora.
Wannan yana nufin zai iya gudanar da wutar lantarki ba tare da juriya ko zafi ba, yana buɗe dama mai ban sha'awa don superconductivity na gaba a dakin da zafin jiki.
Ɗayan aikace-aikacen da ake tsammani na graphene yana cikin batura. Godiya ga mafi kyawun halayensa, zamu iya samar da batura graphene waɗanda ke yin caji da sauri kuma suna daɗe fiye da batirin lithium-ion na zamani.
Wasu manyan kamfanoni irin su Samsung da Huawei sun riga sun ɗauki wannan hanya, da nufin gabatar da waɗannan ci gaba a cikin na'urorinmu na yau da kullun.
"A shekara ta 2024, muna sa ran samfuran graphene da yawa za su kasance a kasuwa," in ji Andrea Ferrari, darektan Cibiyar Graphene na Cambridge kuma mai bincike a Graphene Flagship, wani shiri da Turai Graphene ke gudanarwa. Kamfanin na zuba jarin Yuro biliyan 1 a ayyukan hadin gwiwa. ayyuka. Ƙungiyoyin suna haɓaka haɓaka fasahar graphene.
Abokan binciken Flagship sun riga sun ƙirƙira batura graphene waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin ƙarfi 20% da ƙarin kuzari 15% fiye da mafi kyawun batura masu ƙarfi na yau. Sauran ƙungiyoyin sun ƙirƙiro ƙwayoyin graphene masu amfani da hasken rana waɗanda ke da inganci kashi 20 cikin ɗari wajen canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki.
Duk da yake akwai wasu samfuran farko waɗanda suka yi amfani da yuwuwar graphene, kamar kayan aikin wasanni na Head, mafi kyawun har yanzu yana zuwa. Kamar yadda Ferrari ya lura: “Muna magana ne game da graphene, amma a zahiri muna magana ne game da zaɓuka da yawa da ake nazari. Al’amura suna tafiya daidai.”
An sabunta wannan labarin ta hanyar amfani da fasahar fasaha ta wucin gadi, bincikar gaskiya, da editocin HowStuffWorks suka shirya.
Shugaban masana'antar kayan wasanni ya yi amfani da wannan abu mai ban mamaki. Raket ɗin wasan tennis ɗin su na Graphene XT ya yi iƙirarin ya fi sauƙi 20% a nauyi ɗaya. Wannan fasaha ce ta juyin juya hali!
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Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-21-2023